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Stone Drums of Qin
The Stone Drums of Qín or Qin Shi Gu () are ten granite boulders bearing the oldest known "stone" inscriptions in ancient Chinese (much older inscriptions on pottery, bronzes and the oracle bones exist). Because these inscribed stones are shaped roughly like drums, they have been known as the Stone Drums of Qin since at least the 7th century.〔The name 石鼓 Shígǔ, the Stone Drums, is first evidenced in Lĭ Xián’s (李賢; 651-684) commentary on the Book of the Later Han, juan 16, p.11a (cited in Mattos p.21).〕〔Gilbert L. Mattos, The Stone Drums of Ch'in (Monumenta Serica Monograph Series, 19). Nettetal, BRD: Steyler Verlag, 1988. Paperback, 497 pp. Reviewed by Wagner, D.B. in Acta Orientalia, 1990, 51: 241-256.〕
Their fame is because they are the oldest known stone inscriptions in China, making them a priceless treasure for epigraphers. The stone drums are now kept in the Palace Museum, Beijing. They vary in height from 73 cm to 87.5 cm (with one which was at one point used as a mortar reduced by the grinding to 58 cm), and from 56 to 80.1 cm in diameter. The Stone Drums weigh about 400 kg. each.
==Inscriptions==
The ancient inscriptions on them are arranged in accordance with each stone's size and proportions, the largest stone bearing fifteen lines of five characters each, and a smaller one with nine lines of eight graphs each, neatly arranged as if in a grid. The contents are generally four-character rhymed verse in the style of the poems of the Shījīng (詩經), the Book of Poetry, a few lines of which they even paraphrase. The contents generally commemorate royal hunting and fishing activities.
Originally thought to bear about 700 characters in all, the Stone Drums were already damaged by the time they are mentioned in the Táng Dynasty (618-907 CE) poetry of Dù Fǔ.〔Du Fu wrote: "...陳倉石鼓又已訛..."“("the Stone Drums of Chén Cāng were already corrupted").〕 The drums had only 501 graphs by the Sòng Dynasty (960-1279 CE), when the best rubbings now surviving were made (Mattos, p. 57. Cf. Guo Zhongshu). They have been further damaged through rough handling and repeated rubbings in the years since, and one was even converted into a mortar, destroying a third of it. A mere 272 characters are visible on the stones today. In the best rubbing, only 470 of the 501 characters are legible, or about 68% (Mattos p. 122); after omitting repeated graphs, this leaves us with a treasury of 265 different graphs, 49 of which are known from no other source (excluding recognizable variants). Even among recognizable graphs, scores of them are used in ways unattested elsewhere, leading to great difficulty and disagreement in their interpretation, a situation common to Zhoū dynasty inscriptions (Mattos p. 122).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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